| Grammar and Structures |
What are they used for? |
Some examples |
| VERBS |
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GP 20
>>>Future simple –will
1st conditional – with ‘if’ clause present and result clause will/won’t |
Talking about future plans.
Talking about future plans which have conditions on them |
What will you do when you are older?
If it rains, we won’t go to the park. |
| Future of intention ‘be going to’ |
Talking about future intentions |
I’m going to see a film this evening. |
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GP 5c
>>>Past continuous - when, while
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Talking about past activities which were interrupted |
I was having my breakfast when the postman knocked. While I was studying, he played loud music. |
GP 16
>>> Used to |
Talking about long past habits and states |
My father used to work in an office.
My sister used to have long hair. |
GP 9
>>> Modals –should, must |
Expressing obligation and advice |
You must study hard if you want to go to university.
You mustn’t worry about it.
You should always lock your car. |
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GP 21
>>> I would rather + non finite verb
Both of these in contracted forms too: I'd better, he'd better, we'd rather etc
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Expressing preference and advice |
I would rather eat fish than meat.
You had better take an umbrella or you’ll get wet. |
| Infinitive of purpose |
Talking about the purpose of doing something |
Jane went to America to learn English |
GP 22
>>> QUESTION TAGS |
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| Isn’t he? Aren’t you? Do you? Etc |
Asking for confirmation of a negative or positive statement or inviting an answer to a question |
You are coming to my party, aren’t you?
You haven’t seen my car keys, have you? |
GP 23
>>> RELATIVE PRONOUNS |
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| Which, who, that |
Identifying people and objects |
This is the best cake that I have ever eaten.
Jack is the one who is sitting at the back of the class. |
GP 24
>>> REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS |
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| Myself, himself, herself, etc. |
Identify people and objects |
He hurt himself. |
| GP 13 >>> ADVERBS |
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Adverbs of frequency, e.g. never, sometimes;
adverbs of manner, e.g. quietly, slowly; adverbs of time, e.g. today, now.
Adverbs of degree, e.g. a lot, a little (and associated word order)
Simple modal adverbs e.g. possibly, probably, perhaps
Adverbs of sequence e.g. first, finally, next, then,
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Describing how often, how, when and to what extent people do something. Indicating degree of possibility. Ordering events and understanding instructions and directions. |
I have never flown in a plane.
At the moment, the children are playing in the park.
The children walked home slowly.
He is probably in his room.
First, I had my breakfast.
Go down the road and then straight on. |
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GP 28 >>>PHRASAL VERBS
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| Prepositions as used in some very common phrasal verbs and prepositional phrases. |
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You must put on a hat if you go out in the sun. I am very fond of my pets. |
| The contrast of too/enough |
Talking about the extent of something |
The student isn’t trying hard enough, he never does his homework.
The student is trying too hard, he will make himself ill. |
GP 7
>>> PREPOSITIONS |
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| Prepositions as used in some very common phrasal verbs* and prepositional phrases*. |
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You must put on a hat if you go out in the sun.
I am very fond of my pets. |
| INTENSIFIERS |
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| e.g. really, quite, so, very |
Indicating degree. |
It is really hot today. |
| SPOKEN DISCOURSE |
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| Markers e.g. right, well. Use of substitution. |
Structuring conversation.
Responding appropriately. |
“Right, has everyone got a book?” I think so. I hope so. |
| FORMAL IDENTIFICATION |
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| First name, surname, age, date of birth, address, postcode, country, nationality. |
Coping in formal situations especially when filling in forms. |
Date of Birth: 30.10.78 |
